隨時間走過 你變了幾多?
– 李克勤 白紙鶴
1994-1997 理科學生
1997-1999 數學學生
1999-2002 工程學生
2002-2004 工程研究生
2005-2008 數學老師
2008-2010 物理學生
2010-2013 小作家
2013-
— Me@2008.09.07
— Me@2013.06.26
2013.06.26 Wednesday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
隨時間走過 你變了幾多?
– 李克勤 白紙鶴
1994-1997 理科學生
1997-1999 數學學生
1999-2002 工程學生
2002-2004 工程研究生
2005-2008 數學老師
2008-2010 物理學生
2010-2013 小作家
2013-
— Me@2008.09.07
— Me@2013.06.26
2013.06.26 Wednesday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing on the shoulders of others. But that is no longer generally allowed in the software field — you can only stand on the shoulders of the other people in your own company.
The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate even when their countries were at war. In this spirit, Japanese oceanographers abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific carefully preserved their work for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a note asking them to take good care of it.
Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared. Nowadays scientists in many fields don’t publish enough in their papers to enable others to replicate the experiment. They publish only enough to let readers marvel at how much they were able to do. This is certainly true in computer science, where the source code for the programs reported on is usually secret.
— Why Software Should Be Free[1]
— Richard Stallman
[1] Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of free as in free speech, not as in free beer. — Richard Stallman
2013.06.25 Tuesday ACHK
So, after all, what is the meaning of “a quantum eigenstate”?
One way to resolve the circular definition is to define
a definite state
as
a state whose measurement result can be predicted with 100% certainty provided that the initial condition is given with 100% accuracy
Another way to resolve the circular definition is to realize that
1. a classical state, as a macroscopic definite state, is experimental or observational;
2. a quantum eigenstate, as a microscopic definite state, is conceptual.
A classical state is what we, as macroscopic observers, can see directly.
A quantum eigenstate is what we cannot see. Moreover, it is not absolute. For the same system, there are more than one choice of state vector bases, in the sense that different sets of measurements can get different sets of eigenstates.
The concept of “quantum eigenstates” exists because we insist to express quantum states in terms of daily-life (classical (macroscopic) physics) language.
— Me@2013.06.22
2013.06.22 Saturday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
The Matrix, 4
However, the longer a virtual particle exists, the more closely it adheres to the mass-shell relation. A “virtual” particle that exists for an arbitrarily long time is simply an ordinary particle.
However, all particles have a finite lifetime, as they are created and eventually destroyed by some processes. As such, there is no absolute distinction between “real” and “virtual” particles. In practice, the lifetime of “ordinary” particles is far longer than the lifetime of the virtual particles that contribute to processes in particle physics, and as such the distinction is useful to make.
— Wikipedia on Virtual particle
The difference between the real world and a virtual world is that reality lasts longer.
— Me@2013.06.20
2013.06.21 Friday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
But there is a problem. The definition of “quantum eigenstate” seems to be circular:
an eigenstate = a definite state = a classical state
a quantum eigenstate = a microscopic state corresponding to a macroscopic (classical) state
The phrase “quantum eigenstates” is defined in terms of “classical states”. However, classical states exist only because of the decoherence of quantum states of a lot of particles. The universe is fundamentally quantum, not classical. The classical world exists only as an approximation to the quantum universe.
Also, we cannot define a quantum eigenstate as a collapsed quantum state, because in reality, there is no wave function collapse. Collapse is only an illusion due to quantum decoherence.
So, after all, what is the meaning of “a quantum eigenstate”?
— Me@2013.06.18
2013.06.18 Tuesday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
A (macroscopic) classical state is due to the decoherence of quantum states of a lot of particles.
A quantum state is a quantum eigenstate or a superposition of quantum eigenstates.
a classical state = a macroscopic definite state
a quantum eigenstate = a microscopic definite state
a definite state = a state whose measurement result can be predicted with 100% certainty
— Me@2013.06.16
2013.06.17 Monday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
Riding on the principles can minimize the needs of your free-will inputting.
— Me@2011.09.23
free-will inputting ~ small big bang
The power is in the principles, because you own power (free will) is not needed except at the beginning of a process.
— Me@2013.06.15
principles = natural laws
— Me@2011.01.02
2013.06.15 Saturday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
How long will you need to find your truest, most productive niche? This I cannot predict, for, sadly, access to a podium confers no gift of prophecy. But I can say that however long it takes, it will be time well spent. I am reminded of a friend from the early 1970s, Edward Witten. I liked Ed, but felt sorry for him, too, because, for all his potential, he lacked focus. He had been a history major in college, and a linguistics minor. On graduating, though, he concluded that, as rewarding as these fields had been, he was not really cut out to make a living at them. He decided that what he was really meant to do was study economics. And so, he applied to graduate school, and was accepted at the University of Wisconsin. And, after only a semester, he dropped out of the program. Not for him. So, history was out; linguistics, out; economics, out. What to do? This was a time of widespread political activism, and Ed became an aide to Senator George McGovern, then running for the presidency on an anti-war platform. He also wrote articles for political journals like the Nation and the New Republic. After some months, Ed realized that politics was not for him, because, in his words, it demanded qualities he did not have, foremost among them common sense. All right, then: history, linguistics, economics, politics, were all out as career choices. What to do? Ed suddenly realized that he was really suited to study mathematics. So he applied to graduate school, and was accepted at Princeton. I met him midway through his first year there–just after he had dropped out of the mathematics department. He realized, he said, that what he was really meant to do was study physics; he applied to the physics department, and was accepted.
I was happy for him. But I lamented all the false starts he had made, and how his career opportunities appeared to be passing him by. Many years later, in 1987, I was reading the New York Times magazine and saw a full-page picture akin to a mug shot, of a thin man with a large head staring out of thick glasses. It was Ed Witten! I was stunned. What was he doing in the Times magazine? Well, he was being profiled as the Einstein of his age, a pioneer of a revolution in physics called “String Theory.” Colleagues at Harvard and Princeton, who marvelled at his use of bizarre mathematics to solve physics problems, claimed that his ideas, popularly called a “theory of everything,” might at last explain the origins and nature of the cosmos. Ed said modestly of his theories that it was really much easier to solve problems when you analyzed them in at least ten dimensions. Perhaps. Much clearer to me was an observation Ed made that appeared near the end of this article: every one of us has talent; the great challenge in life is finding an outlet to express it. I thought, he has truly earned the right to say that. And I realized that, for all my earlier concerns that he had squandered his time, in fact his entire career path–the ventures in history, linguistics, economics, politics, math, as well as physics–had been rewarding: a time of hard work, self-discovery, and new insight into his potential based on growing experience.
— The Ivory Tower Reconsidered
— Robert Weisbrot
2013.06.14 Friday ACHK
Snowball 2
.
人一日未找到自己的無限旅程,一日都會很難過。
— Me@2012.02.05
.
你一日未找到一些可以累積的東西, 一日都會坐立不安。
— Me@2013.06.13
.
.
2013.06.14 Friday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
You can “move” in time without moving in space, but you cannot move in space without moving in time, because your speed is limited by the speed of light.
If you can move in space without moving in time, there can be a continuum of multiple identical copies of yourself at a same time across a region of space.
— Me@2011.09.22
2013.06.12 Wednesday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
Copy Me, 8 | Identical particles 5
Eternal return (also known as “eternal recurrence”) is a concept which posits that the universe has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. It is a purely physical concept, involving no supernatural reincarnation, but the return of beings in the same bodies.
— Wikipedia on Friedrich Nietzsche
The identity of indiscernibles is an ontological principle which states that there cannot be separate objects or entities that have all their properties in common. That is, entities x and y are identical if every predicate possessed by x is also possessed by y and vice versa; to suppose two things indiscernible is to suppose the same thing under two names. It states that no two distinct things (such as snowflakes) can be exactly alike, but this is intended as a metaphysical principle rather than one of natural science.
— Wikipedia on Identity of indiscernibles
The difference that makes no difference makes no difference.
—
Eternal recurrence is not a useful concept.
If two periods of time are identical in all details, they are actually the same period, not two periods. If two periods of time are not identical in all details, the second period is not an “eternal return” of the first period.
— Me@2013-06-04 01:30:16 AM
2013.06.11 Tuesday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
Time is a dimension in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future, and also the measure of durations of events and the intervals between them.
— Wikipedia on Time
時 event
間 duration
— Me@2011.09.09
— Me@2013.06.10
2013.06.10 Monday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
Since the coupling charge and the response coefficient for gravity are identical, it follows that gravity can only operate in a single directional sense, because changing the sign of m for a particle would reverse the sense of both the coupling and the response, leaving the particle’s overall behavior unchanged. In other words, if we considered gravitation to apply a repulsive force to a certain particle by setting the particle’s coupling charge to -m, we would also set its inertial coefficient to -m, so the particle would still accelerate into the applied force.
— 2.2 Force Laws and Maxwell’s Equations
— Reflections on Relativity
— mathpages
2013.06.09 Sunday ACHK
Number, Time, Money, 1.2
「量」的統一標準為之「數」。
— Me@2011.09.09
2013.06.08 Saturday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK
So one can show that all of physics of M-theory, if studied in the light-cone gauge, is equivalent to an ordinary non-gravitational matrix model – a quantum mechanical model with matrix degrees of freedom.
The eigenvalues of the X^i matrices may be viewed as the positions of the gravitons (or their superpartners) in 11 dimensions; a threshold (zero-binding-energy) bound state of several such eigenvalues (which can be proved to exist, a remarkable property of SU(N) supersymmetric quantum mechanics) are gravitons that carry a higher number of units of the quantized light-like (longitudinal) momentum.
— This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
— Physics Stack Exchange
— answered Mar 6 ’11 at 8:02
— Lubos Motl
2013.06.06 Thursday ACHK
More precisely, Clifford algebras may be thought of as quantizations (cf. quantization (physics), Quantum group) of the exterior algebra, in the same way that the Weyl algebra is a quantization of the symmetric algebra.
— Wikipedia on Clifford algebra
2013.06.04 Tuesday ACHK
Albert Einstein was a pioneer of relativity and has actually made major contributions to early quantum mechanics, too. (And he also encouraged people to think about entanglement etc.) However, he didn’t really accept quantum mechanics because he has never understood it. Paul Dirac, a big shot from a newer generation, understood relativity as well as quantum mechanics (he was a major co-father of it) but he has never accepted renormalization. Of course, this theme gets repeated all the time. Richard Feynman was a big shot guy from another younger generation who understood and accepted relativity, quantum mechanics as well as renormalization but he was already too old to understand and accept string theory.
— Regularization and renormalization
— Lubos Motl
2013.06.03 Monday ACHK
In this sense, topology is a vital arbiter in the “discrete vs continuous” wars. The very existence of topology as a discipline shows that “discrete properties” always exist even if you only work with continuous objects. On the other hand, topology always assumes that these features are “derived” – they’re some of the properties of objects and these objects are deeper and that may have many other, continuous properties, too. The topological, discrete properties of these objects are just projections or caricatures of the “whole truth”.
— Euler characteristic
— Lubos Motl
2013.06.02 Sunday ACHK
The required modification of the couplings and masses linked to a small change of the typical energy scale \E_{\max} which is needed to preserve all the low-energy physical phenomena is what is referred to as the Renormalization Group flow.
— Regularization and renormalization
— Lubos Motl
2013.06.02 Sunday ACHK
Recall that the UV divergences allow you to divide theories to renormalizable and nonrenormalizable ones – the renormalizable ones only force you to choose a finite number of parameters and cancel their corresponding infinite parts by counterterms.
— Regularization and renormalization
— Lubos Motl
2013.05.29 Wednesday ACHK
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