Hole, 2

The existence of X is not a property of X itself. Instead, the existence of X is a property of the bigger system that consists of X.

For example, the existence of a hole is a property of the whole, not of the hole itself. You cannot define a hole without the whole. Without the whole, the hole cannot exist at all.

hole ~ whole

— Me@2012.10.26

2014.04.30 Wednesday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK

The fifth floor

回到過去 2 | 幼稚建築論 2 | Cumulative concept of time 19

The fifth floor cannot exist without the first 4 floors.

— Me@2012.10.24

That’s why time travel is logically impossible.

— Me@2014.04.17

If you remove the first 4 floors, the original fifth floor is not the “fifth” floor anymore. Instead, it would become the first floor.

— Me@2014.04.16

2014.04.17 Thursday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK

假名定律 1.2

反白論前傳:冠名篇 2.2

Jesus, Buddha, Einstein 3.2

這段改編自 2010 年 4 月 10 日的對話。

(安:經濟學家張五常先生提過,有一篇經濟論文指出,凱恩斯(John Maynard Keynes)的經濟理論,和「凱恩斯學派」的經濟理論,不盡相同,雖然整個學派是以「凱恩斯」來命名。)

那不算出奇,因為有很多類似的現象,例如,甘地講過:

我認同基督。我不認同基督徒。

很多「基督徒」的言行,也和「基督」太不相像。

又例如,「機會率」有兩大學派,「頻率學派」和「貝葉斯學派」。「貝葉斯學派」雖然以數學家貝葉斯(Thomas Bayes)來命名,但是,貝葉斯並不算是,「貝葉斯學派的成員」(Bayesian),因為,「貝葉斯學派」中有很多理論,例如,「貝葉斯學派」對「機會率」的詮釋,也不是貝葉斯本人的意見。

Bayes himself might not have embraced the broad interpretation now called Bayesian. It is difficult to assess Bayes’s philosophical views on probability, since his essay does not go into questions of interpretation.

— Wikipedia on Thomas Bayes

— Me@2014.04.11

I like your Christ. I do not like your Christians. Your Christians are so unlike your Christ. The materialism of affluent Christian countries appears to contradict the claims of Jesus Christ that says it’s not possible to worship both Mammon and God at the same time.

– Mohandas K. Gandhi

2014.04.11 Friday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK

Holographic principle, 8

For many decades, we have wanted to know something profound about the “quantum aspects of spacetime” and “quantum gravity” and holography showed us a – partially unexpected – detailed version of the principle that becomes about as important in quantum gravity as the uncertainty principle is in quantum mechanics and the equivalence principle is in general relativity.

— Laymen’s allergy to the holographic principle

— Lubos Motl

2014.04.05 Saturday ACHK

Energy

Energy is the ability of causing change.

Change is related to time.

That’s why energy is related to time.

— Me@2012-10-22 01:45:17 PM

Application of Noether’s theorem allows physicists to gain powerful insights into any general theory in physics, by just analyzing the various transformations that would make the form of the laws involved invariant. For example:

  • the invariance of physical systems with respect to spatial translation (in other words, that the laws of physics do not vary with locations in space) gives the law of conservation of linear momentum;
  • invariance with respect to time translation gives the well-known law of conservation of energy

— Wikipedia on Noether’s theorem

2014.03.25 Tuesday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK

Powers of Ten

The Powers of Ten films are two short American documentary films written and directed by Charles and Ray Eames. Both works depict the relative scale of the Universe according to an order of magnitude (or logarithmic scale) based on a factor of ten, first expanding out from the Earth until the entire universe is surveyed, then reducing inward until a single atom and its quarks are observed.

Related films

Cosmic Voyage (1996), a loose remake of Powers of Ten for the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution.

— Wikipedia on Powers of Ten

2014.03.22 Saturday ACHK

Antichamber, 3

Gameplay/Plot

In Antichamber, the player controls the unnamed protagonist from a first-person perspective as they wander through non-Euclidean levels. Regarding typical notions of Euclidean space, Bruce has stated that “breaking down all those expectations and then remaking them is essentially the core mechanic of the game”.

— Wikipedia on Antichamber

2014.03.15 Saturday ACHK

ER-EPR 2

Someone asks a question how the bridge may be classical in GR as well as highly quantized. Well, it’s the point of ER=EPR LOL. The connectedness of the two black holes is no feature of the dynamics, just a fact about their entanglement. Final theory not known; the connection between entanglement and geometrical connections is likely to matter.

— Juan Maldacena’s NYU colloquium on QM, GR

— Lubos Motl

2014.02.15 Saturday ACHK

測不準原理:製作特輯 1.2

這段改編自 2010 年 4 月 10 日的對話。

那位教授的功力深厚,講到一般教授講不到的東西。所以,雖然修他的課十分辛苦,例如他的功課,一份可以消磨我,20 至 40 小時不等;但是,為了要聽到一些,來自「天界」的說話,我也堅持修他的課。試想想,他大概每一個半星期,就出一份功課,我何來找那 40 個小時呢?

唯有每日花 8 至 9 小時,不停鑽研該星期的那一份功課。

(安:每天 9 小時,其實也不算不合理。年輕時玩電腦遊戲,往往都會花那麼多的時間。)

但是在那學期,我並不只修「量子力學二」那一科;我還修了「電磁學」和「固態物理」。它們各自也是每星期,就有一份功課,而每份都花費我,10 多至 20 多小時不等。

(安:你覺得「你的測不準原理講法」價值連城,是因為得來不易。首先,要有一個物理學家,發現和發表了「測不準原理」。然後,一代傳一代地,傳到你的教授那裡;而他又要功力深厚,理解正確。接著,又要剛巧有你,修了他的課。)

有時,知識很易會失傳。當年,那科「量子力學二」,包括我在內,只有 12 位學生。那 12 人之中,不知有多少人,聽得明白「測不準原理」的正確版本。聽得明白的人之中,又不知有多少人,會刻意把它紀錄下來。

— Me@2014.02.12

2014.02.12 Wednesday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK

Universe | I

Onion self 9 | 洋蔥自我 9 | Inner and outer, 7

Universe is not something you can observe directly, but a logical implication.

Whatever you can observe, it is only part of the universe, not the universe itself. 

“I” is also a logical implication or logical limit.

Whatever you can observe, belongs to your “I”, but is not your “I”.

For example, you can see your right hand.

It is part of you.

It is yours, but it is not you.

— Me@2012.10.18

— Me@2014.02.09

2014.02.10 Monday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK

測不準原理:製作特輯 1.1

這段改編自 2010 年 4 月 10 日的對話。

(安:我現在感覺到,自己剛剛開始明白,「測不準原理」的真正意思。)

那我就算是,化解了你其中一個問題,令你明白了一樣,一般人不會明白的東西。

(安:那又不要神化我。我也是一般人。)

我的意思並不是,因為你智力的高或低,而導致你明白或不明白。我想帶出的要點是,有這些資料十分難得。

(安:「這些資料」是指「測不準原理的正確講法」?)

無錯。

「測不準原理」的真正意思,是我刻意收集回來的。我剛才有關「測不準原理」的解釋,雖然是我即席原創,但是它所要表達的知識,即是「測不準原理」的真正意思,是來自我「量子力學二」的教授。

那位教授的功力深厚,講到一般教授講不到的東西。所以,雖然修他的課十分辛苦,例如他的功課,一份可以消磨我,20 至 40 小時不等;但是,為了要聽到一些,來自「天界」的說話,我也堅持修他的課。試想想,他大概每一個半星期,就出一份功課,我何來找那 40 個小時呢?

唯有每日花 8 至 9 小時,不停鑽研該星期的那一份功課。

(安:每天 9 小時,其實也不算不合理。年輕時玩電腦遊戲,往往都會花那麼多的時間。)

— Me@2014.02.08

2014.02.08 Saturday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK

Limit vs Boundary

Logically, it is impossible for space has boundary. If space has boundary, what is the other side?

However, logically, it is possible for space has limit. Whatever object reaches the limit, disappears.

… just as physical death is a limit of biological life, but not a boundary within your biological life.

In reality, the space has neither boundary nor limit, just as the surface of the Earth has neither boundary nor limit.

— Me@2012.10.17

— Me@2014.02.06

2014.02.06 Thursday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK

測不準原理 1.11

這段改編自 2010 年 4 月 10 日的對話。

換句話說,我們不應該把「甲+乙」(甲加乙),視為純粹是「甲」的延續;我們應該把「甲+乙」和「甲」視為,兩個獨立的系統。

(安:但是,根據我們之前,有關「時間定義」的討論,「影響」和「更換」,沒有絕對的分別。在某個意思之下,「影響」和「更換」,是同一樣東西。

方便起見,我把「甲」稱為 A,而「甲+乙」,則簡稱為 B。

是「影響」還是「更換」,要視乎你把 A 和 B 標籤為,「同一個系統的兩個不同(時間)版本」,還是「兩個不同的系統」。

那只是言辭之爭。你沒有絕對的理據,去禁止兩者之中的任何一個。)

一般的情況下,你可以這樣說。但在「測不準原理」的上文下理當中,用「影響」會相當誤導。

如果我們說「量度儀器」(乙),「影響」了「原本物理系統」(甲),人們會以為「乙」量度「甲」時,影響的是個別的觀測結果。例如,其中一個流行但錯誤的講法是:

因為你量度一粒粒子的位置時,需要『看』它,所以需要把光照射到它身上。當光子撞擊到那粒子時,自然會影響到粒子的速度,亦即是改變了它原本的速度。換句話說,你量度粒子位置,這個動作本身,就導致你不能再準確量度到,它原本的速度。

但是,「測不準原理」所要處理的,並不是一個物理系統的個別觀測結果;「測不準原理」所要處理的,是一個物理系統,複製成眾多相同系統後,作同一個物理量的量度時,眾多結果所形成的統計模式。簡而言之,「測不準原理」處理的,是一個物理系統,量度數據的統計模式。

雖然「觀察者效應」,並不是「測不準原理」的重心正文,但是,只要你不用「影響」,而改用「更換」,就不會引起任何誤會。你自然可以得到正確的「觀察者效應測不準原理版」:

凡是觀察都必須加入『量度儀器』(乙),於你想觀察的『物理系統』(甲)之中。

『甲+乙』(甲加乙)是一個新的物理系統,所以,其眾多量度數據的統計模式,自然和『甲』的統計模式,有所不同。

因為你必須把『甲』,『更換』成『甲+乙』,所以無可避免地,你會失去,即是觀察不到,『原本物理系統』(甲),量度數據的統計模式。

— Me@2014.02.05

2014.02.05 Wednesday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK

The Beginning of Time, 3.2

Cumulative concept of time 1.3.2

The past is part of the future.

The first cause is the smallest part.

cause ~ component

The first cause is not a boundary, because there is no “before”.

The first cause is a physical limit, not a physical boundary.

The first cause is a logical boundary, not a physical one.

— Me@2012.10.17

— Me@2014.02.03

2014.02.03 Monday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK

測不準原理 1.10

這段改編自 2010 年 4 月 10 日的對話。

(安:你的意思是,「測不準原理」成立,是「觀察者效應」成立的原因,而不是相反。一般人之所以錯,是因為不小心地,把「測不準原理」和「觀察者效應」的因果關係倒轉了。)

歸根究底,把「測不準原理」,誤會成「觀察者效應」的原因是,混淆了「影響」和「更換」;而一般人也會那樣混淆的原因是,「影響」和「更換」,可統稱為「改變」。

沿用剛才的簡稱,「甲」代表「原本的物理系統」;「乙」代表「額外量度儀器」。

在「測不準原理」的觀點下,描述「觀察者效應」時,我們應該把,「加入新的量度儀器(乙),於原本的物理系統(甲)之中」這個動作,視為「更換」了物理系統,而不是「影響」了原本的物理系統。

換句話說,我們不應該把「甲+乙」(甲加乙),視為純粹是「甲」的延續;我們應該把「甲+乙」和「甲」視為,兩個獨立的系統。

(安:但是,根據我們之前,有關「時間定義」的討論,「影響」和「更換」沒有絕對的分別。在某個意思之下,「影響」和「更換」,是同一樣東西。

方便起見,我把「甲」稱為 A,而「甲+乙」,則簡稱為 B。

是「影響」還是「更換」,要視乎你把 A 和 B 標籤為,「同一個系統的兩個不同(時間)版本」,還是「兩個不同的系統」。

那只是言辭之爭。你沒有絕對的理據,去禁止兩者之中的任何一個。)

— Me@2014.02.01

2014.02.02 Sunday (c) All rights reserved by ACHK